A theory of analogy must describe how the meaning of an analogy is derived from the meanings of its parts. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared object attributes before those based on shared relational structure. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and. The relational shift dedre gentner university of illinois at urbanachampaign january 1990 university of illinois at urbanachampaign 51 gerty drive champaign, illinois 61820 the work upon which this publication was based was supported in part by the. Structuremapping engine sme, a cognitive simulation program for studying human analogical processing. This paper describes the structuremapping engine sme, a program for studying analogical processing. This computational model of analogy is based on the structure mapping theory of northwestern psychology professor dedre gentner. Structuremapping theory is a theory of analogical reasoning, developed by dedre gentner, and for which she was awarded the 2016 david e.
Why a domaingeneral approach to analogical mapping is right kenneth d. This paper describes the structuremapping engine sme, a cognitive simulation program for studying. Two important features of the theory are a the rules depend only on syntactic properties of the knowledge representation, and not. In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the structure mapping engine sme is an implementation in software of an algorithm for analogical matching based on the psychological theory of dedre gentner. The basic idea of gentners structuremapping theory is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target which conveys that a system of relations which holds among the base objects also holds among the target objects. According to structure mapping theory, the process of comparison is one of alignment and mapping between representational structures. The relational shift dedre gentner university of illinois at urbanachampaign gentner, dedre. This paper compares the performance of the structure mapping engine sme, a cognitive simulation of analogy, with two aspects of human performance. The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure mapping theory to make distinctions among. Structuremapping engine enables computers to reason and learn. Pdf structure mapping in the comparison process researchgate. The structuremapping engine request pdf researchgate. The basic idea of gentner s structure mapping theory is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target which conveys that a system of relations which holds among the base objects also holds among the target objects. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice.
The basic principle of this theory is that analogy is concerned with systems of connected knowledge, rather than collections of independent attributes, so the amount of common higherorder relational structure is. Dedre gentner is an american cognitive and developmental psychologist. Markman analogyandsimilarity are oftenassumedto bedistinct psychologicalprocesses. A perspective from psychology and artificial intelligence. Called the structuremapping engine sme, the new model is capable of.
Metaphor as structuremapping chapter 6 the cambridge. Thus, in structure mapping, initial processing is symmetrical but later processing is directional. In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the structure mapping engine is an implementation in software of an algorithm for analogical matching based on the psychological theory of dedre gentner 1983. Finally, we compare sme to other analogy programs and discuss several. Incontrastto thisposition, the authors suggestthat bothsimilarity andanalogyinvolve aprocess ofstructural alignment andmapping, that is, that similarity is like analogy. Analogical processes in language learning show all authors. She is a leading researcher in the study of analogical reasoning. Sme is already being used in educational software, providing. The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure mapping theory to make distinctions among kinds of metaphors. The basis of gentners structure mapping idea is that an analogy is a.
Their combined citations are counted only for the first. Analogy in learning and reasoning dedre gentner northwestern university supported by onr cognitive science program, award n00014921098. Dedre centners research is perhaps the bestknown work in cognitive. The basis of gentners structuremapping idea is that an analogy is a. Dedre gentner, department of psychology, 2029 sheridan road, evanston, il 60208. Markman analogy and similarity are often assumed to be distinct psychological processes. Sme is based on gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a.
A theoretical framework for analogy dedre gentner bolt beranek and newman inc. Dedre gentner psychology department abstract this paper describes the structuremapping engine sme, a program for studying analogical processing. This paper describes extensions to structure mapping engine since its inception in 1986 that have increased its scope of operation. Rumelhart prize for contributions to the theoretical foundations of human cognition. Structuremapping engine enables computers to reason and. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared object attributes before those based on shared relational.
In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the structure mapping engine is an implementation in software of an algorithm for analogical matching based on the psychological theory of dedre gentner. Holyoak analogy is a powerful cognitive mechanism that people use to make inferences and learn new abstractions. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Structure mapping and relational language support children. The theory underlying the model is psychologist dedre gentners structuremapping theory of analogy and similarity, which has been used to explain and predict many psychology phenomena. The implications of the proposed embodied smt model are then discussed and. Citeseerx search results intermedia a case study of. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for constructing matching algorithms consistent with this theory.
The basis of gentner s structure mapping idea is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target. Cogsketch also incorporates a computational model of analogy, based on northwestern psychology professor dedre gentner s structure mapping theory. Forbus, dedre gentner artificial intelligence, 1989 this paper describes the structure mapping engine sme, a program for studying analogical processing. In the structure mapping theory, the interpretation rules are characterized as implicit rules for mapping knowledge about a base domain into a target domain. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for. Janice skorstad, brian falkenhainer, dedre gentner. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for constructing matching algorithms consistent with. A theory of analogy must describe how the meaning of on analogy is derived from the meonings of its parts.
She is the alice gabriel twight professor of psychology at northwestern university. The basis of gentners structuremapping idea is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy. Gentner has contributed in developing a sophisticated model of analogy use the manner by which new situations are dealt with through adaptation based on previous experiences or similar situation that transpired in the past. The deeper the structure of the relation high order relations the more promising the analogy is. The theory underlying the model is psychologist dedre gentner s structure mapping theory of analogy and similarity, which has been used to explain and predict many psychology phenomena. In the structuremapping theory, the interpretation rules are characterized as implicit rules for mapping knowledge about. Metaphor as structuremapping northwestern scholars. In contrast to this position, the authors suggest that both similarity and analogy involve a process of structural alignment and mapping, that is, that similarity is like analogy. Structure mapping and relational language support childrens learning of relational categories. The theory underlying the model is psychologist dedre gentner s structure mapping theory of analogy and similarity, which has been used to. In this article, theauthors first describe the structure mapping. New artificial intelligence robots to mimic human cognition.
Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The blended view of structure mapping and embodied cognition offers an insight into the processes through which the target domain of a metaphor is embodied or realised in terms of its base domain. Structure mapping in analogy and similarity dedre gentner arthur b. We end with a discussion of the role of structure mapping in other cognitive processes. The implications of the proposed embodied smt model are then discussed and future topics of investigation are outlined. The theory underlying the model is psychologist dedre gentners structuremapping theory of analogy and similarity, which has been used to. Sme has been built to explore gentner s structure mapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for constructing matching algorithms consistent with. Her work on structure mapping theory was foundational for the development of the structure mapping engine by ken forbus. Analogical processes in language learning dedre gentner. The structure mapping engine is a mechanism intended to implement ideas pertaining to gentner s structure mapping theory of analogy.
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